Article 1. Application

1. The purpose of these T&C is to set forth the conditions for provision of the Service, and the rights and obligations that may arise between the Company and Registered Users.

2. These T&C apply to the all relationships that may arise between the Company and Registered Users by use of the Service.

3. If there is any difference between these T&C, and any description about the Service other than these T&C, these T&C shall apply and take precedence.

Article 2. Definition

Users of the Service shall collectively mean all Registered Users.  A Registered User shall mean an individual who input and submitted the necessary information for user registration, and was approved by the Company.  The Registered User shall include the individuals approved by the Company through the authorization system of third-party services including but not limited to, Twitter and Facebook.

Article 3. Responsibility of User

1. In using the Service, the User must have access to the Internet.  Apparatus, software and telecommunication means shall be appropriately prepared, installed and operated by the User at his/her own responsibility and cost.  The Company shall have no relationship with the User’s Internet access environment, and shall have no responsibility for such preparation, installation and operation.

2. The Company will contact Registered Users by e-mail addressed to the registered e-mail address, or "message" function of the Service.  Registered Users must appropriately register the information about their registered e-mail address so that they can receive e-mails from the Company.  If for any reason the Registered User is no longer able to receive e-mails, he/she shall properly change the registered e-mail address promptly.  The Company shall have no liability for, and the User shall be responsible for, any damage caused to the User by his/her inability to receive e-mails from the Company.

Article 4. Registration

1. Applicants who wish to use the Service (the "Prospective User") may apply for registration of use of the Service by agreeing these T&C and providing such information (the "Registration Information") designated by the Company by such means designated by the Company.

2. For the purpose of the foregoing paragraph, if the Prospective User is a minor, consent of the person with parental authority is required.  By the Prospective User agreeing to these T&C, the Company will deem that such Consent has been given.

3. The Company will determine, based on the Company’s criteria, whether the Prospective User who has made the registration application in the Paragraph 1 (the "Applicant") may be registered or not.  If the registration is granted, the Company will notify the Applicant.  The registration shall be complete by the Company’s serving such notice.

4. The contract for use of the Service shall be formed between the Registered User and the Company when the registration is completed, and the Registered User may use the Service.

5. If the Applicant falls within any of the following items, the Company may refuse registration or re-registration.  The Company shall have no obligation to disclose the reason for refusal:
(i) If whole or part of the Registration Information provided to the Company is false, erroneous or incomplete;
(ii) If the Applicant is a minor, adult ward, person under curatorship or person under assistance, and it turned out that consent, etc. by his/her statutory agent, guardian, curator or assistant had not been given;
(iii) If, in the Company’s judgment, the Applicant is an Anti-Social Force, Etc. (which shall mean organized crime group, member of an organized group, right-wing organized group, antisocial force, or any other person similar to the foregoing; hereinafter the same), or has any communication or relationship with any Anti-Social Force, etc., by cooperating or engaging with maintenance, operation or business of the Anti-Social Force, through provision of finance or otherwise;
(iv) If, in the Company’s judgment, the Applicant is a person who breached any contract with the Company in the past, or has relation to such person;
(v) If the Applicant was subject to the measure under the Article 10; or
(vi) In addition to the foregoing, if the Company deems that the registration is improper.

Article 5. Management of Password and User ID

1. The Registered User shall, at his/her own responsibility, appropriately manage and store the password and user ID for the Service.  The Registered User shall not allow third persons to use the password or user ID, or lease, transfer, change the name of, or sell or purchase the same.

2. The Registered User shall be responsible, and the Company shall have no responsibility, for any damage arising from failure to properly manage passwords or user IDs, or misuse or use by third party of them.

Article 6. Prohibited Matters

The Registered User shall not, in using the Service, commit an act that falls, or is determined by the Company to fall, within any of the following items:
(i) Any act that violates the law or relates to crime;
(ii) Fraud or intimidation against the Company, other users of the Service, or any third party;
(iii) Any act that offends public order and morals;
(iv) Any act that infringes intellectual property rights, portrait rights, privacy rights, reputation or any other rights or interest of the Company, other users of the Service, or any third party;
(v) Submission of information that falls, or is determined by the Company to fall, within any of the following, to the Company or any other user of the Service:
- Information that contains excessively violent or atrocious expressions;
- Information that contains computer viruses or other hazardous computer programs;
- Information that contains expressions that discredit or defame the Company, other users of the Service, or any other third person;
- Information that contains excessively obscene expressions;
- Information that contains expressions that would promote discrimination;
- Information that contains expressions that would promote suicide or self injury;
- Information that contains expressions that would promote the abuse of drugs;
- Information that contains anti-social expressions;
- Information that requests diffusion of information to third persons, such as chain mails;
- Information that contains abrasive expressions; or
- Information that is aimed at dating with unacquainted persons.
(vi) Any act that imposes expressive loads on the network or system, etc. of the Service, or intentionally takes advantage of any flaw of the Service;
(vii) Any act that likely hinders operation of the Service;
(viii) Any act that attempts or conducts unauthorized access to the network or system, etc. of the Company;
(ix) Any act that impersonates another person;
(x) Any act that uses an ID or password of another user of the Service;
(xi) Any advertisement, solicitation or other business activity carried out on the Service without obtaining prior approval from the Company;
(xii) Collection of information of other users of the Service;
(xiii) Any act that causes disadvantage, damage or inconvenience to the Company, other users of the Service, or any other person;
(xiv) Provision of benefits to anti-social forces;
(xv) Any business activity utilizing the Service;
(xvi) Any act that directly or indirectly raises or facilitates any of the foregoing acts; or
(xvii) Any act that the Company deems inappropriate.

Article 7. Suspension of Service

1. If any of the following events occurs, the Company may, without serving prior notice to the Registered User, suspend or cease provision of all or part of the Service:
- Emergent checkup or maintenance of the computer system for the Service is carried out;
- Computer or communication lines, etc. are suspended due to an accident;
- Operation of the Service is severed due to earthquake, lightning strike, fire, wind or flood damage, blackout or an act of providence, or any other force majeure event; or
- In addition to the foregoing, the Company deems it necessary to suspend or cease the Service.

2. The Company shall have no responsibility for any damage that may be caused to the Registered User from the measures taken by the Company pursuant to this Article.

Article 8. Rights

1. Any and all intellectual property rights pertaining to the website of the Company and the Service shall be held by the Company, or the persons who grants license to the Company (the "Licensors.")  License to use the Service under these T&C shall not mean license to use the intellectual property of the Company or Licensors pertaining to the website of the Company or the Service.

2. Any copyrights(including those under the Articles 27 and 28 of the Copyright Act of Japan), trademark rights, patent rights or any other intellectual property rights (including the rights to acquire or apply for registration of such rights) pertaining to the contents (slides, texts, images, source codes, software, composition of lessons, characters, etc.; hereinafter the same) contained in the Service shall be held by the Company, and protected under the Copyright Act of Japan and international laws for copyrights.  However, for the source codes provided under the open-source license contained in the Service, if the open-source license has a provision that explicitly supersedes these T&C, such provision shall apply.

3. All software contained in the Service contains proprietary rights and business secrets protected under the intellectual property laws.

4. Collection or duplication of the contents of the Service, in whatever manner, shall be prohibited unless prior written consent of the Company is obtained.

5. Creation (including embedment into slides, link to lessons, reprint or any use, etc. that exceeds the scope of citation)or provision or sale of any learning materials that use contents of the Service shall be prohibited unless prior written consent of the Company is obtained.

6. The Registered User shall represent and warrant to the Company that he/she has a right to upload and publicize (hereinafter, "post") the data that is uploaded and generally publicized on the Service (the "Posted Data,") and that the Posted Data does not infringe the rights of any third person.

7. The Registered User shall grant to the Company the world-wide, non-exclusive, royalty-free, sub-licensable and transferable license to use, reproduce, distribute, and create derivative work of, present and implement the Posted Data.  The Registered User shall also grant to other Registered Users the royalty-free license to use, reproduce, distribute, and create derivative work of, present and implement the Posted Data.

8. The Registered User shall agree that he/she shall not exercise his/her author’s moral rights against the Company, any person to whom the Company’s rights are transferred or licensed, or other Registered Users.

Article 9. Advertisement

The Company may, in its judgment, post advertisements of the Company or any third person on the Service.

Article 10. Suspension of Use; Deregistration

1. If the Registered User falls within any of the following, the Company may, without serving prior notice, delete the Posted Data, and suspend the use of the Service by the Registered User, deregister the Registered User, or terminate the contract for use of the Service:
- The Registered User breached any provision of these T&C;
- The Registration Information contains false information;
- The Registered User did not use the Service for six (6) successive months or more;
- The Registered User did not respond to inquiry from the Company or any other request for response for thirty (30) days or more;
- The Company deems that the Registered User is an Anti-Social Force, etc. (meaning organized crime group, a member of an organized crime group, right-wing organization, anti-social force, or any other similar person; hereinafter the same,) or has any contact or relationship with any Anti-Social Force, etc., by way of cooperating with or involving in maintenance or operation of the anti-social force, through, among other things, provision of finance;
- The Company deems that the Registered User is a person who breached any contract with the Company in the past, or is an affiliate of such person; or
- The Company deems that the Registered User’s use of the Service, registration as a Registered User, or continuance of the contract for use of the Service is inappropriate.

2. If the Registered User falls within any of the foregoing Paragraph, any and all obligations that the Registered User owes to the Company become due, and he/she shall immediately pay all debts owed to the Company.

3. The Company shall have no responsibility for any damage that may be caused to the Registered User from any act taken by the Company pursuant to this Article.

Article 11. Withdrawal

1. The Registered User may withdraw from the Service and deregister his/her status as a Registered User in the manner prescribed by the Company.

2. If the withdrawing Registered User owes any debts to the Company, any and all obligations that the Registered User owes to the Company become due, and he/she shall immediately pay all debts owed to the Company.

3. Article 15 shall govern the handling of user information after withdrawal.

Article 12. Change of Contents of Service; Termination

1. The Company may, for its own reason, change the contents of the Service, or terminate the provision of the Service.  The Company may, at its own discretion, require payment for the functions within the Service that are currently available free of charge.

2. The Company shall have no responsibility for any damage that may be caused to the Registered User from the measures taken by the Company pursuant to this Article.

Article 13. No Warranty and Exclusion of Liability

1. The Company does not warrant that the Service fits the particular purpose of the Registered User; that the Service has the expected function, commercial value, correctness or usability; that the Registered User’s use of the Service complies with the laws or internal regulations of industry groups applied to the Registered User; or that the Service is free from defect.  For better service, the Company will from time to time improve the Service, but shall have no obligation of improvement or repair in response to the request of improvement or repair of a particular function from the Registered User.

2. The Company shall have no obligation to indemnify the Registered User from any damage arising from suspension, cessation, discontinuance, lack of service or change of the Service, deletion or loss of message or information that the Registered User sent to the Service, deregistration of Registered User, loss of registered data or failure or damage of a device caused by the use of the Service, or any other damage that the Registered User incurred in relation to the Service (the "User Damage.")

3. In case the Company shall have any obligation of indemnification for any reason, the Company’s obligation of indemnification for the User Damage shall not exceed the amount that the Registered User paid to the Company for the last six (6) months.  The Company shall have no obligation of indemnification for ancillary, indirect, special or subsequent damage, or loss of profit. Provided, however, that the immediately foregoing sentences in this Paragraph and other provisions in these T&C under which the Company is exempt from a part of liabilities for the damages caused to the Registered Users arising from the failure to perform contractual obligations or torts of the Company (including its officers and employees; hereinafter the same in this Paragraph) shall not apply in case there is a willful misconduct or gross negligence on the part of the Company.

4. The Company shall have no liability for any transaction, communication or dispute that arises between the Registered User and any other Registered User or any other person in relation to the Service or website of the Company.

Article 14. Confidentiality

The Registered User shall, unless the Company approves in writing in advance, keep confidential any non-public information that the Company disclosed to the Registered User in relation to the Service with the request of confidentiality.

Article 15. Handling User Information

1. The handling of user information of the Registered Users is separately set forth in the Company’s Privacy Policy.  The Registered User shall agree that the Company will handle the user information of the Registered User in accordance with the Privacy Policy.

2. The Company may, at the Company’s discretion, use and disclose the information, data, etc. provided by the Registered User to the Company, as statistical information in a manner that the relevant individual is unidentifiable.  The Registered User shall make no objection thereto.

Article 16. Amendment of these T&C

The Company may, when it deems necessary, amend these T&C without any notice.  The amended T&C shall be published on the website of the Service.  The Registered User shall be deemed to consent to the amendment if he/she used the Service after the amended T&C were published.  If the Registered User does not consent to the amended T&C, he/she may not use the Service, and shall immediately withdraw from the Service in accordance with the Article 11.  If the amendment has a material effect on the use of the Service by the Registered User, the Company will, in its judgment, serve reasonable prior notice to the Registered User in the manner set out by the Company.

Article 17. Communication; Notice

Any communication and notice from the Registered User to the Company including inquiry about the Service, and any communication and notice from the Company to the Registered User including the notice of change of these T&C, shall be made in the manner determined by the Company.

Article 18. Transfer of Status under Agreement for Use of Service

1. Throughout Service membership, the Company grants Registered User a non-exclusive and non transferable rights to access the Service. The Registered User shall not, without the Company’s prior written consent, transfer, assign, mortgage or otherwise dispose of the status under the agreement for use of the Service, or rights or obligations under these T&C, to any third person. The Company may terminate, restrict the use of the Service and take legal action in case Registered Users violate these T&Cs.

2. If the Company transferred the business pertaining to the Service to another company, the Company may, along with the business transfer, transfer the status under the agreement for use of the Service, rights and obligations under these T&C, and Registration Information and any other user information of the Registered User, to the transferee of the business transfer.  The Registered User is deemed to consent to the transfer under this Paragraph.  The business transfer in this Paragraph shall include the ordinary business transfer and any other case where the business is transferred, including corporate split.

Article 19. Severability

If any provision of these T&C, or any part of a provision in these T&C, is judged to be invalid or unenforceable under the Consumer Contract Act or any other law or regulation, the remaining provisions of these T&C, and the remaining parts of the provision the other part of which is judged to be invalid or unenforceable, shall remain in full force and effect.

Article 20. Governing Law and Jurisdiction

These T&C shall be governed by the laws of Japan.
Any dispute that arises or relates to these T&C or the Service shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction in the first instance of the Tokyo District Court.

Article 1. Scope

1. If there is any discrepancy between the contents of these Paid Members T&C and any explanation about the Paid Plan outside these Paid Members T&C, the provisions of Paid Members T&C shall prevail.

2. The Company may, when it deems necessary, amend these Paid Members T&C without any notice.  The amended Paid Members T&C shall be published on this website.  The Paid Member shall be deemed to consent to the amendment if he/she used the Paid Plan after the Company published the amended Paid Members T&C.  If the Paid Members do not consent to the amendment, he/she may not use the Paid Plan, and shall immediately terminate the Paid Plan in accordance with Article 5 of these T&C.  If the amendment has a material effect on the use of the Paid Plan by the Paid Member, the Company will, in its judgment, serve reasonable prior notice to the Paid Members in the manner set out by the Company.

Article 2. Paid Member Registration

1. Applicants who wish to use the Paid Plan (the "Prospective Paid Plan Member") may apply for registration of use of the Paid Plan by agreeing to these Paid Members T&C and providing such information (the "Paid Plan Registration Information") designated by the Company by such means designated by the Company.

2. In addition to the provision mentioned in paragraph 1, the Prospective Paid Plan Member may purchase access to Paid Plan (“Paid Plan Voucher”) with various option for the duration of the Paid Members membership period through Providing Partner’s Platforms (“Period of Paid Plan Voucher”). Prospective Paid Plan Member who purchases the Paid Plan Voucher through Providing Partner’s Platforms (“Paid Plan Voucher Purchaser”), have understood and agreed that:
  Ⅰ. In order to use Paid Plan Voucher, the Prospective Paid Plan Member shall be registered as Registered User pursuant to Progate Terms and Conditions for Use;
  Ⅱ. The Company shall have no liability for Paid Plan Voucher which cannot be used due to the failure of the Prospective Paid Plan Member to register as Registered User;
  Ⅲ. Paid Plan Voucher Purchaser shall be bound by and obey to the Terms and Conditions of the Providing Partners on the Providing Partner’s Platforms (“T&C of the Providing Partners”);
  Ⅳ. While purchasing the Paid Plan Voucher, Paid Plan Voucher Purchaser shall have read, understood and approved all the listed information/description before purchasing the Paid Plan Voucher;
  Ⅴ. The Company shall have no liability for proceeding and fault made because of Providing Partners providing the Providing Partner’s Platforms for the Prospective Paid Plan Member;
  Ⅵ. The Company shall have no liability on the data and information about Paid Plan given by the Providing Partners, and the Company will not give guarantee about listed data and information are accurate, complete or correct, and error free;
  Ⅶ. Paid Plan Voucher can be used by Paid Plan Voucher Purchaser after registered as Registered User based on Progate Term and Condition use; and
  Ⅷ. Paid Plan Voucher Purchaser shall be responsible for protection and confidentiality of the code of the Paid Plan Voucher.

3. For the purpose of the Paragraph 1, if the Prospective Paid Plan Member is a minor, consent of the person with parental authority is required for registration.  By the Prospective Paid Plan Member agreeing to these Paid Members T&C, the Company will deem that such consent has been given.

4. The Company will determine, based on the Company’s criteria, whether the Prospective Paid Plan Member who has made the registration application in Paragraph 1 (the "Paid Plan Applicant") may be registered or not.  If the registration is granted, the Company will notify the Paid Plan Applicant. The registration shall be completed by the Company’s serving such notice.

5. The Company will determine based on the Company’s criteria, whether the Paid Plan Voucher that has been purchased by Paid Plan Voucher Purchaser in Paragraph 2 can be used or not. If the Paid Plan Voucher can be used, the Company will notify the Paid Plan Voucher Purchaser. The registration shall be completed by the Company’s serving such notice.

6. The contract for use of the Paid Plan shall be formed between the Paid Plan Members and the Company when the registration is completed, and the Paid Plan Members may use the Paid Plan.

7. If the Paid Plan Applicant falls within any of the following items, the Company may refuse registration or re-registration.  The Company shall have no obligation to disclose the reason for refusal:
(i) If all or part of the Paid Plan Registration Information provided to the Company is false, erroneous or incomplete;
(ii) If the Paid Plan Applicant is a minor, adult ward, person under curatorship or person under assistance, and it turned out that consent, etc. of his/her statutory agent, guardian, curator or assistant had not been given;
(iii) If, in the Company’s judgment, the Paid Plan Applicant is an Anti-Social Force, Etc. (which shall mean organized crime group, member of an organized group, right-wing organized group, antisocial force, or any other person similar to the foregoing; hereinafter the same), or has any communication or relationship with any Anti-Social Force, etc., by cooperating or engaging with maintenance, operation or business of the Anti-Social Force, through provision of finance or otherwise;
(iv) If, in the Company’s judgment, the Paid Plan Applicant is a person who breached any contract with the Company in the past, or has relation to such person;
(v) If the Company deregistered the Paid Plan Applicant’s registration of Progate or Paid Plan in the past; or
(vi) In addition to the foregoing, if the Company deems that the use of the Paid Plan is improper.

8. In no event may a user be registered for more than one (1) plan simultaneously.

Article 3. Fee and Payment Method

1. In using the Paid Plan, the Paid Member shall pay to the Company the fee (the "Fee") prescribed by the Company.  The Fee shall be set forth for each plan, and presented on the purchase page.

2. The "Usage Period" for the purpose of the Paid Plan shall mean such period as separately set out by the Company for each plan from the payment of the Fee (i.e., until the same time on the expiration date of such period from the payment date; if there is no corresponding day, until the same time on the last day of the month).

3. The Fee for the Paid Plan shall be paid at the registration of the Paid Plan.  The Fees for the period after the expiration of the Usage Period shall be paid in advance for the immediately following Usage Period at the same time of the corresponding day of the registration date after such expiration of the Paid Plan (if there is no corresponding day of the registration date in a month, the last day of such month; hereinafter the "Renewal Time.")  If the Paid Member wishes to terminate the Paid Plan, he/she shall undertake the termination procedure listed under Article 5 of these T&C by the Renewal Time.  If the termination procedure is not undertaken before the Renewal Time, the Paid Plan shall automatically be renewed for the next Usage Period of the plan, and the Paid Member shall be obliged to pay the Fee for such next Usage Period at the Renewal Time.

4. The Company may, in connection with amendment of the plan’s contents or otherwise, amend the Fee.  If the Fee is amended, the Company shall notify the Paid Members in advance in the manner prescribed by the Company.

5. The Fee shall be paid by credit card payment at the time of registration and each Renewal Time.  If the termination procedure is not taken before the Renewal Time, the credit card payment shall be automatically effected at the Renewal Time.

6. If the Paid Member failed to pay any Fee, the Paid Member shall pay a late charge at 14.6 percent per annum to the Company.

7. If the Paid Member terminated the Paid Plan (including where the Paid Member withdrew from Progate,) the Fees that were already paid shall not be refunded for whatever reason.  If the termination is effected before the expiration of the Usage Period, the Fee for the remaining period shall not be refunded.  If the termination is effected before the expiration of the Usage Peroid and the Paid Member is a Registered User of Progate, he/she may continue to use the Paid Plan that he/she registered until the original Renewal Time.

8. If the Paid Member changed the plan of the Paid Plan, the remaining amount of the Fee shall not be refunded. If the Paid Member changed the plan within the Usage Period, the plan before the change shall be terminated immediately, and the new plan shall be applicable in accordance with the Paragraph 3. If, however, the change is made through the in-app purchase provided by Apple, the Renewal Time shall be the same time on the corresponding day of the time and day that the plan before change shall end.  The Paid Plan shall be renewed subsequently based on the amended Fee after the change of plan pursuant to Paragraph 3.

9. In order to use the Paid Plan, the Prospective Paid Plan Member may purchase Paid Plan Voucher by selecting the Period of Paid Plan Voucher which is available on the Partner Platforms Provider.

10. Price of Paid Plan Voucher can be changed anytime and the Company will not provide any price protection or return when there is a price drop or any promotional offering.

11. The Paid Members can choose to renew the Paid Plan Voucher at the end of the Period of Paid Plan Voucher by purchasing the new Paid Plan Voucher. When a Period of Paid Plan Voucher has been expired, the Company shall have the Paid Plan deactivated if the Paid Plan Voucher has not renewed, in which case the Paid Members can not use/access the Paid Plan after Period of Paid Plan Voucher has been expired.

Article 4. Cancellation of Paid Member Registration

If the Paid Members breached or committed any act that likely breaches the Progate Terms and Conditions for Use or these Paid Members T&C, or the Paid Members falls under any of the items in Article 10 of the Progate Terms and Conditions for Use, or the Paid Members failed to pay the Fee, the Company may, without serving prior notice, delete the Posted Data, and suspend the use of the Paid Plan by the Paid Members, deregister the Paid Members, or cancel the contract for use of the Paid Plan.  If the cancellation is effected pursuant to the foregoing, the Fee for the term of provision of the Paid Plan that includes the cancellation date shall occur.  The Company shall have no liability for any damage caused to the Paid Members from these measures.

Article 5. Termination of Paid Member

1. The Paid Members may, by serving notice to the Company in the manner prescribed by the Company, withdraw from the Paid Plan, and deregister his/her status as a Paid Members. The withdrawal shall be effective as of the Renewal Time.  If the termination procedure is not taken before the Renewal Time, the Paid Plan will automatically be renewed.

2. In connection with the foregoing Paragraph, if the Paid Members cannot complete termination of the Paid Plan before the Renewal Time by reason of the Paid Member’s carelessness, or even of the Company’s periodical or emergent maintenance or system failure, or communication error, the Company shall have no liability for the failure of termination.

3. If the withdrawing Registered User owes any debts to the Company, any and all obligations that he/she owes to the Company become due, and he/she shall immediately pay all debts owed to the Company

Article 6. Transfer of Status under Agreement for Use of Paid Plan

Throughout Paid Plan membership, the Company grants Paid Members a non-exclusive and non transferable right to access the Paid Plan. The Paid Member shall not, without the Company’s prior written consent, transfer, assign, mortgage or otherwise dispose of the status under the agreement for use of the Paid Plan, or rights or obligations under these Paid Members T&C, to any third person. The Company may terminate, restrict the use of the Paid Plan and take legal action in case Paid Members violate these Paid Members T&Cs.

Article 7. Application of Progate Terms and Conditions for Use

Articles 3, 5 through 9, 12 through 15, and 17 through 20 of the Progate Terms and Conditions for Use shall apply mutatis mutandis to these Paid Members T&C.Ver. 2:

Ver. 4: June, 1, 2023
Ver. 3: March, 10, 2023
Ver. 2: December, 6, 2021
Ver. 1: April 1, 2017